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-
-
-
- CONSTITUTION
- OF THE
- STATE OF WASHINGTON
-
- PREAMBLE
-
- We, the people of the State of Washington, grateful to the
- Supreme Ruler of the Universe for our liberties, do ordain
- this Constitution.
-
-
- ARTICLE I
-
- DECLARATION OF RIGHTS
-
-
- Sec. 1. All political power is inherent in the people, and govern-
- ments derive their just powers from the consent of the gov-
- erned, and are established to protect and maintain individ-
- ual rights.
-
- Sec. 2. The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of
- the land.
-
- Sec. 3. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property,
- without due process of law.
-
- Sec. 4. The right of petition and of the people peaceably to assem-
- ble for the common good shall never be abridged.
-
- Sec. 5. Every person may freely speak, write and publish on all
- subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right.
-
- Sec. 6. The mode of administering an oath, or affirmation, shall be
- such as may be most consistent with and binding upon the
- conscience of the person to whom such oath, or affirmation,
- may be administered.
-
- Sec. 7. No person shall be disturbed in his private affairs, or his
- home invaded, without authority of law.
-
- Sec. 8. No law granting irrevocably any privilege, franchise or im-
- munity, shall be passed by the Legislature.
-
- Sec. 9. No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to give
- evidence against himself, or be twice put in jeopardy for
- the same offense.
-
- Sec. 10. Justice in all cases shall be administered openly, and with-
- out unnecessary delay.
-
- Sec. 11. Absolute freedom of conscience in all matters of religious
- sentiment, belief and worship, shall be guaranteed to every
- individual, and no one shall be molested or disturbed in
- person or property on account of religion; but the liberty
- of conscience hereby secured shall not be so construed as to
- excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices incon-
- sistent with the peace and safety of the state. No public
- money or property shall be appropriated for or applied to
- any religious worship, exercise or instruction, or the sup-
- port of any religious establishment: Provided, however, That
- this article shall not be so construed as to forbid the em-
- ployment by the state of a chaplain for such of the state
- custodial, correctional and mental institutions as in the
- discretion of the Legislature may seem justified. No relig-
- ious qualification shall be required for any public office
- or employment, nor shall any person be incompetent as a
- witness or juror, in consequence of his opinion on matters
- of religion, nor be questioned in any court of justice
- touching his religious belief to affect the weight of his
- testimony.
-
- Sec. 12. No law shall be passed granting to any citizen, class of
- citizens, or corporation other than municipal, privileges
- or immunities which upon the same terms shall not equally
- belong to all citizens, or corporations.
-
- Sec. 13. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be
- suspended, unless in case of rebellion or invasion the
- public safety requires it.
-
- Sec. 14. Excessive bail shall not be required, excessive fines im-
- posed, nor cruel punishment inflicted.
-
- Sec. 15. No conviction shall work corruption of blood, nor forfeiture
- of estate.
-
- Sec. 16. Private property shall not be taken for private use, except
- for private ways of necessity, and for drains, flumes, or
- ditches on or across the lands of others for agricultural,
- domestic, or sanitary purposes. No private property shall be
- taken or damaged for public or private use without just
- compensation having been first made, or paid into court for
- the owner, and no right-of-way shall be appropriated to the
- use of any corporation other than municipal until full com-
- pensation therefor be first made in money, or ascertained
- and paid into court for the owner, irrespective of any ben-
- efit from any improvement proposed by such corporation,
- which compensation shall be ascertained by a jury, unless a
- jury be waived, as in other civil cases in courts of record,
- in the manner prescribed by law. Whenever an attempt is made
- to take private property for a use alleged to be public, the
- question whether the contemplated use be really public shall
- be a judicial question, and determined as such, without
- regard to ant Legislative assertion that the use is public:
- Provided, That the taking of private property by the state
- for land reclamation and settlement purposes is hereby
- declared to be for public use.
-
- Sec. 17. There shall be no imprisonment for debt, except in cases of
- absconding debtors.
-
- Sec. 18. The military shall be in strict subordination to the civil
- power.
-
- Sec. 19. All elections shall be free and equal, and no power, civil
- or military, shall at any time interfere to prevent the free
- exercise of the right of suffrage.
-
- Sec. 20. All persons charged with crime shall be bailable by suffic-
- ient sureties, except for capital offenses when the proof is
- evident, or the presumption great.
-
- Sec. 21. The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate, but the
- legislature may provide for a jury of any number less than
- twelve in courts not of record, and for a verdict by nine or
- more jurors in civil cases in any court of record, and for
- waiving of the jury in civil cases where the consent of the
- parties interested is given thereto.
-
- Sec. 22. In criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right to
- appear and defend in person, or by counsel, to demand the
- nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a
- copy thereof, to testify in his own behalf, to meet the
- witnesses against him face to face, to have compulsory
- process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his own
- behalf, to have a speedy public trial by an impartial jury
- of the county in which the offense is charged to have been
- committed and the right to appeal in all cases: Provided,
- the route traversed by any railroad coach, train or public
- conveyance, and the water traversed by any boat shall be
- criminal districts; and the jurisdiction of all public
- offenses committed on any such railroad car, coach, train,
- boat or other public conveyance, or at any station or depot
- upon such route, shall be in any county through which the
- said car, coach, train, boat or other public conveyance may
- pass during the trip or voyage, or in which the trip or
- voyage may begin or terminate. In no instance shall any
- accused person before final judgement be compelled to
- advance money or fees to secure the rights herein guaran-
- teed.
-
-
- Sec. 23. No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing
- the obligations of contracts shall ever be passed.
-
- Sec. 24. The right of the individual citizen to bear arms in defense
- of himself, or the state, shall not be impaired, but nothing
- in this section shall be construed as authorizing individ-
- uals or corporations to organize, maintain or employ an
- armed body of men.
-
- Sec. 25. Offenses heretofore required to be prosecuted by indictment
- may be prosecuted by information, or by indictment, as shall
- be prescribed by law.
-
- Sec. 26. No grand jury shall be drawn or summoned in any county, ex-
- cept the superior judge thereof shall so order.
-
-
- Sec. 27. Treason against the state shall consist only in levying war
- against the state, or adhering to its enemies, or in giving
- them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of trea-
- son unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same
- overt act, or confession in open court.
-
- Sec. 28. No hereditary emoluments, privileges, or powers, shall be
- granted or conferred in this state.
-
- Sec. 29. The provisions of this Constitution are mandatory, unless by
- express words they are declared to be otherwise.
-
- Sec. 30. The enumeration in this Constitution of certain rights shall
- not be construed to deny others retained by the people.
-
- Sec. 31. No standing army shall be kept up by this state in time of
- peace, and no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in
- any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of
- war except in the manner prescribed by law.
-
- Sec. 32. A frequent recurrence to fundamental principles is essential
- to the security of individual right and the perpetuity of
- free government.
-
- Sec. 33. Every elective public officer of the state of Washington
- expect [except] judges of courts of record is subject to
- recall and discharge by the legal voters of the state, or of
- the political subdivision of the state, from which he was
- elected whenever a petition demanding his recall, reciting
- that such officer has committed some act or acts of malfea-
- sance or misfeasance while in office, or who has violated
- his oath of office, stating the matters complained of, sign-
- ed by the percentages of the qualified electors thereof,
- hereinafter provided, the percentage required to be computed
- from the total number of votes cast for all candidates for
- his said office to which he was elected at the preceding
- election, is filed with the officer with whom a petition for
- nomination, or certificate for nomination, to such office
- must be filed under the laws of this state, and the same
- officer shall call a special election as provided by the
- general election laws of this state, and the result deter-
- mined as therein provided.
-
- Sec. 34. The Legislature shall pass the necessary laws to carry out
- the provisions of section thirty-three (33) of this article,
- and to facilitate its operation and effect without delay:
- Provided, That the authority hereby conferred upon the
- Legislature shall not be construed to grant to the Legis-
- lature any exclusive power of law making nor in any way
- limit the initiative and referendum powers reserved by the
- people. The percentages required shall be, state officers of
- cities of the first class, school district boards in cities
- of the first class; county officers of counties of the
- first, second and third classes, twenty-five percent. Offi-
- cers of all other political subdivisions, cities, towns,
- townships, precincts and school districts not herein men-
- tioned, and state senators and Representatives, thirty-five
- percent.
-
-
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